MIDDLETOWN HIGH SCHOOL
AP CHEMISTRY
Reaction Patterns

NOTE: The following reactions are not necessarily balanced.

SYNTHESIS
Element + Element --> Compound
N2 + H2 --> NH3


DECOMPOSITION
Compound --> Element + Element
NH3 --> N2 + H2

Carbonate --> Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2
Fe2(CO3)3 --> Fe2O3 + CO2

Hydroxide --> Oxide + Water
Ca(OH)2 --> CaO + H2O
Fe(OH)3 --> Fe2O3 + H2O

Sulfate --> Oxide + Sulfur Trioxide
Na2SO4 --> Na2O + SO3

Sulfite --> Oxide + Sulfur Dioxide
Na2SO3 --> Na2O + SO2

Hydrate --> "Anhydrate" + Water
CuSO4.5H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O


SINGLE REPLACEMENT (or Single Displacement)(or leave off "Single")
Element + Compound --> Element + Compound
Zn + HCl --> H2 + ZnCl2

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT (or Double Displacement of Metathesis)
Coumpound + Compound --> Coumpound + Compound
NaI + Pb(NO3)2 --> NaNO3 + PbI2

COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water
CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

Carbohydrate + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

 

 


SPECIAL SITUATIONS of THE ABOVE:

NEUTRALIZATION (or Neutralisation) (see Double Replacement)
Acid + Base --> Salt + Water
HBr + KOH --> KBr + H2O
HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
In the absence of adequate oxygen, the products may include
carbon monoxide (CO) or soot (C) instead of carbon dioxide.


CHECK YOURSELF:

1. Balance each equation above.


2. Identify each of the following schematic reactions by type:

AB + CD --> AD + CB

A + B --> AB2

CH + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

A + BC --> AC + B

ABC --> A + B + C2

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